Friday, February 15, 2013

Easter Eggs

Easter eggs

Everyone likes to find hidden stuff, whether it's loose change in the couch cushions or an Easter egg in your favorite video game. Windows 7 has its own hidden treasures. Yes, there are features and goodies to be uncovered—some obvious, some not. And you can access all of those listed here without downloading anything extra (well, mostly). Read on for 10 handy and largely-undocumented items in Windows 7 that you probably weren't aware of...and soon won't be able to live without.

Microsoft is taking on Internet trolls with a new ad that acknowledges the sometimes vitriolic Internet Explorer hate but suggests that even the trolls are coming around, albeit slowly.
The new ad (video below) features a stereotypical Web troll - a young man sitting in the glow of several computer monitors, surrounded by takeout cartons and geek paraphernalia. He sips from an "I *trash* Internet Explorer" coffee mug and scours the Web for any opportunity to dismiss Microsoft's IE browser.
"IE SUCKS," he writes in the comments section of a positive IE10 reviews. "IE SUCKS!!! 4evUR! Srsly," he quips on Facebook. He rolls his eyes at IE10 news, like Xbox 360 availability. "IE is only good for downloading other browsers," the smug bully writes.
The ad then shows the IE Twitter feed, which features a tongue-in-cheek tweet that reads: "IE adopts an island of kittens and donates them to children everywhere!! #Kids+KittiesRULE." Not even that impresses our troll, who responds with his signature "IE SUCKS."
It is not until Microsoft posts a tweet about IE introducing a new Karaoke Web standard that our troll comes around. He swivels in his chair to face his 2008 Karaoke Grand-Master Award before reluctantly returning to his keyboard to write "IE sucks ... less."
A single word flashes across the screen: Progress. "Comebacks come in many shapes and sizes," the ad concludes.
IE is the most popular browser in the world, but it has its very passionate critics, as this ad acknowledges. IE10 was released with Windows 8, and a test version for Windows 7 made its debut earlier this month. The revamped browser provides what the company touts as an entirely new browsing experience, complete with new touch-first browsing, full-screen UI, and security and performance improvements.
Redmond also patched up Internet Explorer 9 last week, providing four fixes to the browser, which left other versions — IE 7, IE 8, or IE 10 — unaffected.
For more, see PCMag's review of IE10 and the slideshow above. Visit www.TheBrowserYouLovedToHate.com for more IE 10-related videos, GIFS, and more.

It may be hyperbolically named, but Windows 7's God Mode is indeed omnipresent. It conveniently puts hundreds of settings from all around the operating system all in one place.

To turn on God Mode, create a new folder on your desktop--or anywhere you'd like--and name it: GodMode.{ED7BA470-8E54-465E-825C-99712043E01C}. Don't include the final period. The resulting folder will contain 270 items, representing virtually every configurable option in Windows 7.

Wipe Free Disk Space08

It's no secret (or at least, it shouldn't be) that when you delete files or folders in Windows, they're not actually erased—the space they took up is simply marked as "available for use," which allows the files to be recoverable (with the right software) until they're overwritten with new data.

There is a utility built-into Windows (even XP Pro and Vista) that will overwrite all the free space on a hard drive, insuring any files you've deleted stay dead. Launch a command prompt and type cipher /w:X where X is the letter of the drive or partition you want to wipe. Be patient—the process can take a long time if you have a lot of free space.

WordPad's File Support

The built-in WordPad word processor in Vista is of limited usefulness because it only supports RTF (Rich Text Format) and plain text (TXT) files. In Windows 7, on the other hand, WordPad isn't quite as restricted.

Although Windows 7's WordPad still doesn't work with .doc files from Microsoft Word 2003 and earlier versions, it can open and save ODT (OpenDocument Text) files used by the free OpenOffice.org word processor as well as .docx files created in Microsoft Word 2007 or 2010. Although WordPad can't understand all the complex formatting (it will warn you of this upon opening or saving a file), it will still let you read the documents without having the native programs installed.

3. WordPad's File Support

Learning disability

Dislexia

Dyslexia is a very broad term defining a learning disability that impairs a person's fluency or comprehension accuracy in being able to read, and which can manifest itself as a difficulty with phonological awareness, phonological decoding, processing speed, orthographic coding, auditory short-term memory, language skills/verbal comprehension, and/or rapid naming.

The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke gives the following definition for dyslexia:

"Dyslexia is a brain-based type of learning disability that specifically impairs a person's ability to read. These individuals typically read at levels significantly lower than expected despite having normal intelligence. Although the disorder varies from person to person, common characteristics among people with dyslexia are difficulty with spelling, phonological processing (the manipulation of sounds), and/or rapid visual-verbal responding. In adults, dyslexia usually occurs after a brain injury or in the context of dementia. It can also be inherited in some families and so on, and recent studies have identified a number of genes that may predispose an individual to developing dyslexia."

Signs and symptoms

Some early symptoms that correlate with a later diagnosis of dyslexia include delays in speech, letter reversal or mirror writing, and being easily distracted by background noise.This pattern of early distractibility is partially explained by the co-occurrence of dyslexia and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Although each disorder occurs in approximately 5% of children, 25-40% of children with either dyslexia or ADHD meet criteria for the other disorder. At later ages symptoms can include a difficulty identifying or generating rhyming words, or counting syllables in words (phonological awareness), a difficulty segmenting words into individual sounds, or blending sounds to make words, a difficulty with word retrieval or naming problems (see anomic aphasia)), commonly very poor spelling, which has been called dysorthographia or dysgraphia (orthographic coding), whole-word guesses, and tendencies to omit or add letters or words when writing and reading are considered classic signs. Other classic signs for teenagers and adults with dyslexia include trouble with summarizing a story, memorizing, reading aloud, and learning a foreign language. A common misconception about dyslexia is that dyslexic readers write words backwards or move letters around when reading – this only occurs in a very small population of dyslexic readers. Individuals with dyslexia are better identified by reading accuracy, fluency, and writing skills that do not seem to match their level of intelligence from prior observations.

Cause

Researchers have been trying to identify the biological basis of dyslexia since it was first identified by Oswald Berkhan in 1881 and the term dyslexia coined in 1887 by Rudolf Berlin. The theories of the etiology of dyslexia have and are evolving with each new generation of dyslexia researchers, and the more recent theories of dyslexia tend to enhance one or more of the older theories as understanding of the nature of dyslexia evolves.

References

^ ^a ^b "Dyslexia Information Page". National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. 12 May 2010. Retrieved 5 July 2010.
^ Grigorenko, Elena L. (January 2001). "Developmental Dyslexia: An Update on Genes, Brains, and Environments". Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 42 (1): 91–125. doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00704. PMID 11205626.
^ Schulte-Körne G, Warnke A, Remschmidt H (November 2006). "[Genetics of dyslexia]" (in German). Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychother 34 (6): 435–44. doi:10.1024/1422-4917.34.6.435. PMID 17094062.
^ Pennington, B.F.; Santerre-Lemon, L., Rosenberg, J., MacDonald, B., Boarda, R., Friend, A., Leopold, D.R., Samuelsson, S., Byrne, B., Willcutt, E.G., & Olson, R.K. (October 24, 2011). "Individual Prediction of Dyslexia by Single Versus Multiple Deficit Models". Journal of Abnormal Psychology 121 (1): 212–224. doi:10.1037/a0025823.
^ Stanovich KE (December 1988). "Explaining the differences between the dyslexic and the garden-variety poor reader: the phonological-core variable-difference model". Journal of Learning Disabilities 21 (10): 590–604. doi:10.1177/002221948802101003. PMID 2465364.
^ Warnke, Andreas (19 September 1999). "Reading and spelling disorders: Clinical features and causes". Journal European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 8 (3): S2–S12. doi:10.1007/PL00010689. Retrieved 11 July 2010.
^ McCandliss BD, Noble KG (2003). "The development of reading impairment: a cognitive neuroscience model". Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev 9 (3): 196–204. doi:10.1002/mrdd.10080. PMID 12953299.
^ ^a ^b Czepita D, Lodygowska E (2006). "[Role of the organ of vision in the course of developmental dyslexia]" (in Polish). Klin Oczna 108 (1–3): 110–3. PMID 16883955.
^ ^a ^b Birsh, Judith R. (2005). "Research and reading disability". In Judith R. Birsh. Multisensory Teaching of Basic Language Skills. Baltimore, Maryland: Paul H. Brookes Publishing. p. 8. ISBN 978-1-55766-676-5. OCLC 234335596.
^ Valdois S, Bosse ML, Tainturier MJ (November 2004). "The cognitive deficits responsible for developmental dyslexia: review of evidence for a selective visual attentional disorder". Dyslexia 10 (4): 339–63. doi:10.1002/dys.284. PMID 15573964.

God never forget us...

REMEMBER, GOD ALWAYS IS IN OUR SIDE... SPECIALLY WHEN WE ARE SUFFERING ANY TROUBLE IN OUR LIFE, OR SOMETHING ELSE...

Learning Disability

Aphasia

Aphasia: Is the disturbance in formulation and comprehension of language. This class of language disorder ranges from having difficulty remembering words to being completely unable to speak, read, or write. Aphasia is usually linked to brain damage, most commonly by stroke. The brain damage which links aphasia can also cause further brain diseases such as cancer, epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease.

Acute aphasia disorders usually develop quickly as a result of head injury or stroke, and progressive forms of aphasia develop slowly from a brain tumor, infection, or dementia. The area and extent of brain damage or atrophy will determine the type of aphasia and its symptoms. Aphasia types include expressive aphasia, receptive aphasia, conduction aphasia, anomic aphasia, global aphasia, primary progressive aphasias and many others (see Category:Aphasias). Medical evaluations for the disorder range from clinical screenings by a neurologist to extensive tests by a Speech-Language Pathologist.

Classifying the different subtypes of aphasia is difficult and has led to disagreements among experts. The localizationist model is the original model, but modern anatomical techniques and analyses have shown that precise connections between brain regions and symptom classification do not exist. The neural organization of language is complicated; language is a comprehensive and complex behavior and it makes sense that it is not the product of some small, circumscribed region of the brain.

No classification of patients in subtypes and groups of subtypes is adequate. Only about 60% of patients will fit in a classification scheme such as fluent/nonfluent/pure aphasias. There is a huge variation among patients with the same diagnosis, and aphasias can be highly selective. For instance, patients with naming deficits (anomic aphasia) might show an inability only for naming buildings, or people, or colors.

Primary and secondary cognitive processes

Aphasias can be divided into primary and secondary cognitive processes.

Primary aphasia is due to problems with cognitive language-processing mechanisms, which can include: Transcortical sensory aphasia, Semantic Dementia, Apraxia of speech, Progressive nonfluent aphasia, and Expressive aphasia
Secondary aphasia is the result of other problems, like memory impairments, attention disorders, or perceptual problems, which can include: Transcortical motor aphasia, Dynamic aphasia, Anomic aphasia, Receptive aphasia, Progressive jargon aphasia, Conduction aphasia, and Dysarthria^.

Cognitive neuropsychological model

The cognitive neuropsychological model builds on cognitive neuropsychology. It assumes that language processing can be broken down into a number of modules, each of which has a specific function. Hence there is a module which recognises phonemes as they are spoken and a module which stores formulated phonemes before they are spoken. Use of this model clinically involves conducting a battery of assessments (usually from the PALPA, the "psycholinguistic assessment of language processing in adult acquired aphasia ... that can be tailored to the investigation of an individual patient's impaired and intact abilities"), each of which tests one or a number of these modules. Once a diagnosis is reached as to where the impairment lies, therapy can proceed to treat the individual module.

Signs and symptoms

People with aphasia may experience any of the following behaviors due to an acquired brain injury, although some of these symptoms may be due to related or concomitant problems such as dysarthria or apraxia and not primarily due to aphasia.

inability to comprehend language
inability to pronounce, not due to muscle paralysis or weakness
inability to speak spontaneously
inability to form words
inability to name objects
poor enunciation
excessive creation and use of personal neologisms
inability to repeat a phrase
persistent repetition of phrases

paraphasia (substituting letters, syllables or words)
agrammatism (inability to speak in a grammatically correct fashion)
dysprosody (alterations in inflexion, stress, and rhythm)
incomplete sentences
inability to read
inability to write
limited verbal output
difficulty in naming
Speech disorder

Causes

Aphasia usually results from lesions to the language-relevant areas of the frontal, temporal and parietal lobes of the brain, such as Broca's area, Wernicke's area, and the neural pathways between them. These areas are almost always located in the left hemisphere, and in most people this is where the ability to produce and comprehend language is found. However, in a very small number of people, language ability is found in the right hemisphere. In either case, damage to these language areas can be caused by a stroke, traumatic brain injury, or other brain injury.

References

^ ἀφασία, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus
^ [1], Domasio Antonio, "Aphasia", on N engl J Med
^ Carenotes, "General Information: Aphasia", Truven Health Analytics Inc., 2012
^ ^a ^b ^c "Aphasia". MedicineNet.com. Retrieved 2011-05-23.
^ "American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA):- Aphasia Causes and Number".
^ "American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA):- Aphasia".
^ Kolb, Bryan; Whishaw, Ian Q. (2003). Fundamentals of human neuropsychology. [New York]: Worth. pp. 502, 505, 511. ISBN 0-7167-5300-6. OCLC 464808209.
^ Dronkers NF, Plaisant O, Iba-Zizen MT, Cabanis EA (May 2007). "Paul Broca's historic cases: high resolution MR imaging of the brains of Leborgne and Lelong". Brain 130 (Pt 5): 1432–41. doi:10.1093/brain/awm042. PMID 17405763.
^ Masdeu, Joseph (June 2000). "Aphasia". Archives of Neurology 57 (6).
^ Taylor Sarno, M. (2007). Neurogenic disorders of speech and language. In: O’Sullivan, S.B. & Schmitz, T.J. (2007). Physical Rehabilitation (5th ed.). Philadelphia (PA): F.A. Davis Company.